NetNote

MariaDB（MySQL 数据库）

安装

安装 MariaDB

sudo yum install mariadb-server.x86_64 # 安装
sudo systemctl start mariadb.service # 启动
sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service # 开机自启

CentOS 软件包安装流程示例

配置

  1. 安装 MariaDB 服务器，启动并启用 MariaDB，将登录的 root 密码设置为 redhat，并仅帧听在本机。

    • 进行基础设置（设置 root 密码）

      sudo mysql_secure_installation

      NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

# 输入原密码（直接回车）
Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

# 是否设置 root 密码？[Yes / No]
Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

# 移除匿名用户？[Yes / No]
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

# 拒绝 root 用户远程登陆？[Yes / No]
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

# 删除 `test` 数据库？[Yes / No]
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

# 重新加载权限表？[Yes / No]
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

    • 设置服务器不侦听 TCP/IP 连接（设置仅侦听在本地）

      建议先备份一下配置文件：

      cd /etc/my.cnf.d/
cp server.cnf server.cnf.bak

      编辑 /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf 文件，在 [mysqld] （第 12 行）下添加 skip-networking=0：

      参考 Server System Variables - MariaDB Knowledge Baseopen in new window

        1 #
  2 # These groups are read by MariaDB server.
  3 # Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
  4 #
  5 # See the examples of server my.cnf files in /usr/share/mysql/
  6 #
  7 
  8 # this is read by the standalone daemon and embedded servers
  9 [server]
 10 
 11 # this is only for the mysqld standalone daemon
 12 [mysqld]
+13 skip-networking=0
 14
 15 # this is only for embedded server
 16 [embedded]
 17 
 18 # This group is only read by MariaDB-5.5 servers.
 19 # If you use the same .cnf file for MariaDB of different versions,
 20 # use this group for options that older servers don't understand
 21 [mysqld-5.5]
 22 
 23 # These two groups are only read by MariaDB servers, not by MySQL.
 24 # If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
 25 # you can put MariaDB-only options here
 26 [mariadb]
 27 
 28 [mariadb-5.5]
 29

      重启 MariaDB 使修改的配置文件生效

      sudo systemctl restart mariadb.service

  2. 配置MariaDB服务器，支持汉字数据处理。

    建议先备份一下配置文件：

    cd /etc/my.cnf.d/
sudo cp client.cnf client.cnf.bak
sudo cp mysql-clients.cnf mysql-clients.cnf.bak

    • 编辑 /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf 文件，在 [mysqld] （第 12 行）下添加：

        1 #
  2 # These groups are read by MariaDB server.
  3 # Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
  4 #
  5 # See the examples of server my.cnf files in /usr/share/mysql/
  6 #
  7 
  8 # this is read by the standalone daemon and embedded servers
  9 [server]
 10 
 11 # this is only for the mysqld standalone daemon
 12 [mysqld]
+13 init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
+14 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
+15 character-set-server=utf8
+16 collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
+17 skip-character-set-client-handshake
 18 skip-networking=0
 19 
 20 # this is only for embedded server
 21 [embedded]
 22 
 23 # This group is only read by MariaDB-5.5 servers.
 24 # If you use the same .cnf file for MariaDB of different versions,
 25 # use this group for options that older servers don't understand
 26 [mysqld-5.5]
 27
 28 # These two groups are only read by MariaDB servers, not by MySQL.
 29 # If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
 30 # you can put MariaDB-only options here
 31 [mariadb]
 32
 33 [mariadb-5.5]
 34

    • 编辑 /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf 文件，在 [client] （第 7 行）下添加：

        1 #
  2 # These two groups are read by the client library
  3 # Use it for options that affect all clients, but not the server
  4 #
  5 
  6 
  7 [client]
+ 8 default-character-set=utf8
  9 
 10 # This group is not read by mysql client library,
 11 # If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
 12 # use it for MariaDB-only client options
 13 [client-mariadb]
 14

    • 编辑 /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf 文件，在 [mysql] （第 6 行）下添加：

        1 #
  2 # These groups are read by MariaDB command-line tools
  3 # Use it for options that affect only one utility
  4 #
  5 
  6 [mysql]
+ 7 default-character-set=utf8
  8 
  9 [mysql_upgrade]
 10 
 11 [mysqladmin]
 12 
 13 [mysqlbinlog]
 14 
 15 [mysqlcheck]
 16 
 17 [mysqldump]
 18 
 19 [mysqlimport]
 20 
 21 [mysqlshow]
 22 
 23 [mysqlslap]
 24

    • 重启 MariaDB 使修改的配置文件生效

      sudo systemctl restart mariadb.service

使用

打开 MariaDB：

sudo mysql -u root -p

然后分别输入“系统管理员密码”与“MariaDB root 账号的密码（redhat）”：

[sudo] yueplus 的密码：
Enter password:

当显示以下内容时，表示成功打开 MairaDB：

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

可以输入 STATUS; 查看 MariaDB 当前状态：

--------------
mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 5.5.65-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1

Connection id:		3
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server:			MariaDB
Server version:		5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	utf8
Db     characterset:	utf8
Client characterset:	utf8
Conn.  characterset:	utf8
UNIX socket:		/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:			20 min 16 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 8  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 0  Flush tables: 2  Open tables: 26  Queries per second avg: 0.006
--------------

参考：

创建库

CREATE DATABASE myclass;

创建表

USE myclass;
CREATE TABLE `mystudent`(
  `ID` INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `Name` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
  `Birthday` DATETIME,
  `Sex` CHAR(8) NULL,
  `Password` CHAR(128) NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY ( `ID` )
)ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

插入数据

USE `myclass`;
INSERT INTO `mystudent`
( `ID`, `Name`, `Birthday`, `Sex`, `Password` )
VALUES
( '1', '张三', '1996-7-1', '女', 'z' );
INSERT INTO `mystudent`
( `ID`, `Name`, `Birthday`, `Sex`, `Password` )
VALUES
( '2', '李四', '1997-9-1', '男', 'l' );

导入数据

在 /tmp/ 目录下新建一个 sql.txt 文件，写入以下内容：

3	王五	1999-7-1	女	haha
4	赵六	1999-12-10	男	hehe

执行 SQL 指令：

USE `myclass`;
LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE '/tmp/sql.txt' INTO TABLE `mystudent`;

创建用户

CREATE USER 'user1'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '2020Netw@rk';

添加权限并刷新权限表：

GRANT SELECT ON `myclass`.`mystudent` TO 'user1'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

查询数据

USE `myclass`;
SELECT * FROM `mystudent`;

+----+--------+---------------------+------+----------+
| ID | Name   | Birthday            | Sex  | Password |
+----+--------+---------------------+------+----------+
|  1 | 张三   | 1996-07-01 00:00:00 | 女   | z        |
|  2 | 李四   | 1997-09-01 00:00:00 | 男   | l        |
|  3 | 王五   | 1999-07-01 00:00:00 | 女   | haha     |
|  4 | 赵六   | 1999-12-10 00:00:00 | 男   | hehe     |
+----+--------+---------------------+------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)