NetNote

Ubuntu

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Ubuntu 是适用于企业服务器、桌面电脑、云、IoT 物联网的现代化开源Linux操作系统。

官网open in new window中文官网open in new window

安装

  • 从系统安装光盘或U盘启动系统：
  • 启动成功后，在左边选择简体中文语言（最下面），然后点击试用：
  • 这时可以调整一下屏幕分辨率方便后续操作：
  • 然后双击桌面的 安装 Ubuntu 图标，进入安装流程：
  • 首次进入系统展示欢迎页，按需选择即可：
  • 系统安装成功：

配置软件源

软件源配置通常存放在 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件内。

先备份源文件：

cd /etc/apt/
sudo cp sources.list sources.list.bak

然后配置需要的软件源

阿里巴巴开源镜像站 - Ubuntuopen in new window

以下配置适用 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security multiverse

腾讯软件源open in new window

以下配置适用 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS：

deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe main multiverse restricted #Added by software-properties
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security universe main multiverse restricted #Added by software-properties
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security universe
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security multiverse

清华大学开源软件镜像站open in new window

网易开源镜像站open in new window

桌面版 (Desktop)

安装了桌面环境可以使用 软件更新器 自动选择软件源：

安装 open-vm-tools-desktop

如果在 VMware 虚拟机中安装，建议使用 open-vm-tools-desktop 替代 VMware Tools：

sudo apt update
sudo apt install open-vm-tools

安装中文语言包

sudo apt install language-pack-zh-hans manpages-zh -y
localectl set-locale LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=zh_CN.UTF-8

安装 oh my zsh

参考：Oh My Zsh - a delightful & open source framework for Zshopen in new window

sudo apt install zsh
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

安装 vim

sudo apt install vim

安装 git

sudo apt install git

安装 screenfetch

可以字符画展示系统信息。

sudo apt install screenfetch

安装搜狗拼音输入法

搜狗拼音输入法 Linux 版open in new window | Ubuntu 搜狗输入法安装指南open in new window